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Biomass production
gDW/hour
Exchange
Flux
Constraints
(µmol/gDW/hour)*

Glucose (constrain max influx)

Lactate (constrain max efflux) (90% L-, 10% D-)

Malate (define efflux precisely, influx not allowed)

Glycerol (define precisely)

Glutamine (constrain max influx, efflux not allowed)
Energy
costs

mol. ATP/Haem formed (haemoglobin digestion cost)

mmol. ATP/gDW (maintenance cost)
Biomass composition

 
  % Protein  % DNA % RNA % Carbohydrate % Fat